Resident and Ordinary Resident in India (ROR)

Two basic conditions:

Condition 1 - any individual who resides in India for 182 days or more in the relevant Financial Year

Condition 2- is in India cumulatively for 60 days or more in the relevant financial year and for 365 days or more in the preceding 4 financial Years

Exception:

1. For an individual who is Indian Citizen leaving India either for employment outside India or as crew member only condition 1 is applicable.

2. For an individual, Indian Citizen or Person of Indian Origin visiting India and who being outside India, comes to visit India, for condition 2, 60 days has been substituted with 120 days, if Total income (excluding foreign income) is exceeding 15 lakhs.

Deemed Resident: an individual, being a Citizen of India not liable to tax in any other country and total income (excluding foreign income) is exceeding 15 lakhs.

An individual being a resident and not satisfy RNOR conditions, then he is a ROR.

All income from whatever source derived which—

(a) is received or is deemed to be received in India in such year by or on behalf of such person; or

(b) accrues or arises or is deemed to accrue or arise to him in India during such year; or

(c) accrues or arises to him outside India during such year

Global Income of ROR is taxable

Resident but Nor Ordinary Resident in India (RNOR)

Three Additional conditions:

Condition 1 - If an individual has been a non-resident in India in 9 out of 10 years preceding that financial year.

Condition 2- If one has been in India for less than or equal to 729 days out of 7 years preceding that financial year,

Condition 3- If an individual who is an Indian citizen or persons of Indian Origin having taxable income as per Act (excluding foreign income) more than Rs 15 lakhs

All income from whatever source derived which -

(a) is received or is deemed to be received in India in such year by or on behalf of such person; or

(b) accrues or arises or is deemed to accrue or arise to him in India during such year; or

Note: Income which accrues or arises to him outside India shall not be so included unless it is derived from a business controlled in or a profession set up in India.

Non- Resident (NRI)

If an individual does not satisfy the basic conditions of 182 days rule and 60/120 days & 365 days rule and not a deemed resident then the individual is Non- Resident in India.

All income from whatever source derived which—

(a) is received or is deemed to be received in India in such year by or on behalf of such person; OR

(b) accrues or arises or is deemed to accrue or arise to him in India during such year.

Resident Individual

ITR-1 (Sahaj)

Total income upto Rs.5O lakh and having Income from Salaries, one house property, other sources (Interest etc.), long-term capital gains under section 112A up to Rs. 1.25 lakh, and agricultural income np to Rs.5 thousand

[Not for an individual who is either Director in a company or bas invested in unlisted equity shares or in cases where TDS bas been deducted u/s 194N or if income-tax is deferred on ESOP or bas assets (including financial interest in any entity) located outside India]

31st July 2026

Individual / HUF (Not covered by ITR 1/ITR 2)

ITR-3/ITR-4

ITR – 3- Individuals / HUFs having income from business or profession (profits/losses)

ITR-4 For Resident Individuals, HUFs and Firms (other than LLP) being a resident having total income upto Rs.5O lakh and having income from business and profession under presumptive taxation scheme

31st August

31st October, (audit is required)

Individual / HUF

ITR-2

Individuals / HUFs with no business income and Income exceeding ₹50 lakh from income from salary, capital gains more than Rs. 1.25 lakh, more than one house property income, hold foreign assets,

31st July 2026

Companies (Domestic)

ITR-6

All companies except those claiming exemptions under Section 11 (charitable trusts)

31st October, 2026

Assessee Claiming Exemption under Section 11

ITR-7

Company, Charitable/religious trusts and institutions, political parties, NGO, / Other Entities institutions claiming exemption

31st October 2026

Firms / LLPs/ AOPs, BOIs, cooperative societies, and other entities

ITR-5/ITR-4

Partnership firms / LLPs AOPs, BOIs, cooperative societies, and other entities (excluding companies)

ITR-4 can be filed when the Firm has opted for presumptive taxation scheme (not available for LLPs)

31st August, 2026 (no audit required)

31st October, 2026 (audit required)

NRIs

ITR-2 (if no business/profession) or ITR 3 (if business/profession)

Income from salary, capital gains, property, or business/profession in India

ITR-2 -31st July, 2026 ITR-3 - 31st August

Any person who already filed his return

Same as original ITR Form or change, if any

When there is any Revised Return

31st March, 2027

Any person

As applicable

When there is any Belated/late Return i.e. after the relevant due date

31st December, 2026

Any person whether filed his return earlier or not

ITR-U with Same ITR Form

When there is any Updated Return then time limit to update the return is 4 years from the end of the relevant Assessment Year

31st March, 2031

Any person

As applicable

Transfer Pricing cases

30th November, 2026

139(4A)

Every person in receipt of income derived from property held under trust or other legal obligation wholly for charitable or religious purposes or in part only for such purposes, or of income being voluntary contributions referred to in sub-clause (iia) of clause (24) of section 2, shall furnish a return of such income of the previous year, if the total income without giving effect to the provisions of sections 11 and 12 exceeds the maximum amount which is not chargeable to income-tax.

31st July of assessment year If accounts are required to be audited under this Act or under any other law for the time being in force - 31st October of assessment year If required to furnish a report u/s 92E, the 30th November of assessment year

139(4B)

Every political party shall furnish a return of such income of the previous year, if the total without giving effect to the provisions of section 13A exceeds the maximum amount which is not chargeable to income-tax

139(4C)

(4C) Every—

(a) research association referred to in clause (21) of section 10;
(b) news agency referred to in clause (22B) of section 10;
(c) association or institution referred to in clause (23A) of section 10;
(ca) person referred to in clause (23AAA) of section 10;
(d) institution referred to in clause (23B) of section 10;
(e) fund or institution referred to in sub-clause (iv) or trust or institution referred to in sub-clause (v) or any university or other educational institution referred to in sub-clause (iiiab) or sub-clause (iiiad) or sub-clause (vi) or any hospital or other medical institution referred to in sub-clause (iiiac) or sub-clause (iiiae) or sub-clause (via) of clause (23C) of section 10;
(ea) Mutual Fund referred to in clause (23D) of section 10;
(eb) securitisation trust referred to in clause (23DA) of section 10;
(eba) Investor Protection Fund referred to in clause (23EC)or clause (23ED) of section 10;
(ebb) Core Settlement Guarantee Fund referred to in clause (23EE) of section 10;
(ec) venture capital company or venture capital fund referred to in clause (23FB) of section 10;
(f) trade union referred to in sub-clause (a) or association referred to in sub-clause (b) of clause (24) of section 10;
(fa) Board or Authority referred to in clause (29A) of section 10;
(g) body or authority or Board or Trust or Commission (by whatever name called) referred to in clause (46) of section 10;
(h) infrastructure debt fund referred to in clause (47) of section 10,
if the total income in respect of which such research association, news agency, association or institution, person or fund or trust or university or other educational institution or any hospital or other medical institution or trade union or body or authority or Board or Trust or Commission or infrastructure debt fund or Mutual Fund or securitisation trust or venture capital company or venture capital fund is assessable, without giving effect to the provisions of section 10, exceeds the maximum amount which is not chargeable to income-tax, shall furnish a return of such income of the previous year.

139(4D)

Every university, college or other institution referred to in clause (ii) and clause (iii) of sub-section (1) of section 35, , shall furnish the return in respect of its income or loss in every previous year .

139(4E)

Every business trust, shall furnish the return of its income in respect of its income or loss in every previous year

139(4F)

Every investment fund referred to in section 115UB, shall furnish the return of income in respect of its income or loss in every previous year

Section 234A

Delay in filing ITR

1% per month (or part of month) on tax payable from due date till actual filing date

Section 234B

Non-payment / short payment of Advance Tax

1% per month from 1st April to end of FY on amount of tax due on total income

Section 234C

Deferment / shortfall in installments of advance tax

1% per month for 3 months on shortfall in each installment

Section 220(2)

Interest on tax not paid even after notice under Section 156

1% per month from due date to payment date

Section 271

Concealment / Under-reporting

Up to 100% of tax evaded if concealment of income; lower percentage for under-reporting

Section 271F

Late filing of ITR

Fixed penalty: ₹5,000 if filed after due date (except in cases where total income ≤ ₹5 lakh)

Section 272A(2)

Default in furnishing TDS / TCS statements

Penalty ₹10/day of default (max as per rules)

Section 270A

Misreporting / under-reporting

Tax-related penalty

Section 276C

Willful attempt to evade tax

Imprisonment 6 months – 7 years + fine

Section 276CC

Failure to file ITR / furnish return or pay tax

Imprisonment 3 months – 2 years + fine

Section 277

False statements / failure to produce documents

Imprisonment 6 months – 7 years + fine